✍️ Title IX: Independent Constitutional Bodies
Article 68 – General Principles
Independent constitutional bodies are established. They enjoy legal personality as well as administrative and financial autonomy.
They operate under the principles of neutrality, transparency, and accountability.
These bodies may not be dissolved, nor may their powers be reduced, except through a constitutional amendment.
Article 69 – The Independent Electoral Commission
An independent body responsible for:
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Organizing and managing elections and referenda at all stages,
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Ensuring their integrity and transparency,
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Announcing their final results,
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Overseeing campaign financing and setting its limits.
Article 70 – The Human Rights Commission
An independent body responsible for:
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Monitoring the respect of human rights within the State,
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Receiving complaints and grievances,
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Providing recommendations to the authorities,
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Preparing annual reports to be made public.
Article 71 – The Media and Communication Commission
An independent body responsible for:
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Guaranteeing freedom of information and communication,
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Ensuring pluralism and diversity,
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Preventing media monopolies,
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Safeguarding the independence of the press and public media.
Article 72 – The Anti-Corruption Commission
An independent body responsible for:
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Detecting corruption and preventing conflicts of interest,
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Receiving asset and interest declarations,
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Investigating corruption cases and referring them to the judiciary,
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Publishing periodic public reports.
Article 73 – The Personal Data Protection Commission
An independent body responsible for:
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Protecting personal data from any violation,
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Monitoring compliance with privacy rules in public and private institutions,
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Providing opinions on draft laws related to personal data,
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Issuing necessary authorizations and recommendations.
Article 74 – Appointment and Oversight Mechanisms
Members of these bodies are elected or appointed through a participatory process involving the House of Deputies, the National Consensus Council, and the President of the Republic.
They are selected from among individuals recognized for their competence, independence, and integrity.
Each body submits an annual report, which must be presented to Parliament and published to the public.